Formative Pruning a fruit tree.

Formative pruning is the training of a maiden tree to establish its shape and sturcture which will affect it for the rest of its life.
Below are links to guides on pruning for different styles of tree and are there as a How to prune apple trees guide.

Formative pruning for a Standard, Half Standard or Bush tree

Formative pruning for a Quince tree

Formative pruning for creating an espalier trained tree